Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Andrographis paniculata Extract and Its Major Component Andrographolide in Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Cytotoxicity Evaluation in Major Organ Cell Representatives

  1. Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn
  2. Ampa Suksatu
  3. Yongyut Pewkliang
  4. Piyanoot Thongsri
  5. Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
  6. Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen
  7. Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul
  8. Patompon Wongtrakoongate
  9. Supaporn Pitiporn
  10. Jarinya Chaopreecha
  11. Supasek Kongsomros
  12. Kedchin Jearawuttanakul
  13. Warawuth Wannalo
  14. Phisit Khemawoot
  15. Somchai Chutipongtanate
  16. Suparerk Borwornpinyo
  17. Arunee Thitithanyanont
  18. Suradej Hongeng

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Abstract

No abstract available

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  1. Version published to 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01324
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.12.08.415836: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Then, the Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 (Thermo Scientific Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as the secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution.
    anti-Rabbit IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cell culture: African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney epithelial cells (Vero cells) (ATCC® CCL-81)
    Vero
    suggested: None
    , Vero cell derivative (Vero E6 cells) (ATCC® CRL-1586), human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) (ATCC® HB-8065)
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Vero E6 cells and Caco-2 were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Gibco, Detroit, MI, USA).
    Caco-2
    suggested: None
    HepG2, imHC, Calu-3, and SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium:Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) (Gibco, Detroit, MI, USA).
    HepG2
    suggested: None
    Calu-3
    suggested: None
    SH-SY5Y
    suggested: None
    HK-2 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Low Glucose Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM low glucose) (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA).
    HK-2
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_YE28)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Hoechst dye (Thermo Scientific Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) was applied for nuclei staining.
    Thermo Scientific Fisher
    suggested: None
    Data was normalized to the solvent control, and then CC50 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism 7.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    This study associated with several limitations. Although our findings support andrographolide as a promising candidate for further anti-SARS-CoV-2 development, the low bioavailability of andrographolide might pose a limitation for clinical applications.51, 52 Several strategies have been developed to improve andrographolide solubility and bioavailability, i.e., forming complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD),53 solid dispersion using a spray-drying technique,54 and loading into the nano-emulsion.55 Also, it should be noted that this study was conducted using in vitro cellular model. The safety and efficacy of andrographolide should be further investigated in preclinical animal models and clinical studies. In conclusion, this study demonstrated anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of A. paniculata and andrographolide using Calu-3-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Potent anti-SAR-CoV-2 activities, together with the favorable cytotoxicity profiles, support further development of A. paniculata extract and especially andrographolide as a monotherapy or in combination with other effective drugs against SARS-CoV–2 infection.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2020.12.08.415836v1 on bioRxiv