Antibody neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 and variants after 1 year in Wuhan, China

  1. Qianyun Liu
  2. Qing Xiong
  3. Fanghua Mei
  4. Chengbao Ma
  5. Zhen Zhang
  6. Bing Hu
  7. Junqiang Xu
  8. Yongzhong Jiang
  9. Faxian Zhan
  10. Suhua Zhou
  11. Li Tao
  12. Xianying Chen
  13. Ming Guo
  14. Xin Wang
  15. Yaohui Fang
  16. Shu Shen
  17. Yingle Liu
  18. Fang Liu
  19. Li Zhou
  20. Ke Xu
  21. Changwen Ke
  22. Fei Deng
  23. Kun Cai
  24. Huan Yan
  25. Yu Chen
  26. Ke Lan

Reviewed by

Read the full article See related articles

Listed in

Log in to save this article

Abstract

No abstract available

Article activity feed

  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100181
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.16.21258673: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsConsent: All blood donors provided written informed consent for participation in the study.
    IRB: These human sera protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China (No. 2021-012-01).
    IACUC: The mice sera protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (No. WP20210007).
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    ELISA detection of SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibodies in the sera: The rapid IgG / IgM test was applied by 2019-nCoV IgG / IgM Detection Kit (Colloidal Gold-Based, Vazyme Biotech Co.,Ltd), which is based on the reactivity of IgG / IgM against SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
    SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
    suggested: None
    , Ltd), which is based on the competition between the neutralizing antibodies in sera and ACE2 to horseradish peroxidase labeled RBD protein (HRP-RBD).
    ACE2
    suggested: None
    After 24 hrs, the transfected cells were inoculated with VSV-dG-fLuc (1×106 TCID50/ml) diluted in DMEM for 5 hrs at 37°C and then replenished with growth medium (DMEM with 10 % FBS) containing anti-VSV-G monoclonal antibody (I1-hybridoma, cultured supernatant, 1:20).
    anti-VSV-G
    suggested: None
    I1-hybridoma
    suggested: None
    Cells were subsequently incubated with a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (40143-MM05, Sino Biological) at 1:500 dilution at 37 °C for 1 h, and then incubated with 2 μg/ml of Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (A-11032, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37 °C for 1 h.
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A-11032, RRID:AB_2534091)
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cell culture: HEK 293T (ATCC, CRL-1168),
    HEK 293T
    suggested: None
    BHK-21(ATCC, CCL-10) and VERO E6 cells (ATCC, CRL-1586) were cultured in Dulbecco’s medium (DMEM; Gibco) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2.0mM L-Glutamine, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, and 4.5 g/L D-glucose.
    BHK-21
    suggested: None
    VERO E6
    suggested: None
    Briefly, Vero-E6 cells were transfected with plasmids expressing different S proteins through the Lipofectamine 2000 (Biosharp, China).
    Vero-E6
    suggested: None
    The 50 % tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of pseudovirus was determined by a serial-dilution based infection assay on BHK-21-hACE2 cells and calculated according to the Reed-Muench method(22, 23).
    BHK-21-hACE2
    suggested: None
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    Plasmids and protein: The DNA sequences of human codon-optimized S proteins from SARS-COV-2 variants (B.1.1.7, GISAID: EPI-ISL-601443; B.1.351, GISAID: EPI_ISL_678597; P.1, GISAID: EPI_ISL_906075; B.1.525, GISAID: EPI_ISL_1093472) and S protein mutations were commercially synthesized or generated by overlapping-PCR based mutagenesis using pCAGGS-SARS-CoV-2-S-C9 (gifted from Dr. Wenhui Li, National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing,China) as template and cloned into pCAGGS vector with C-terminal 18 aa truncation to improve VSV pseudotyping efficiency(21).
    pCAGGS-SARS-CoV-2-S-C9
    suggested: None
    pCAGGS
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_18926)
    The plasmid pCAGGS-SARS-CoV-2-RBD-hFc was constructed by inserting the RBD sequence (aa331-525) in to the pCAGGS vector for the expression of RBD-hFc recombinant protein in HEK 293T cells.
    pCAGGS-SARS-CoV-2-RBD-hFc
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The 50 % neutralization dilution titer (NT50) was calculated by GraphPad Prism 7 software with nonlinear regression curve fitting (normalized response, variable slope).
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    We do acknowledge some limitations of our studies. First, we did not determine the NT50 of all the sera because of the limitation of the sample volume, especially for those with lower neutralizing activity. Second. we did not include all the possible mutations that can appear in the B.1.617 and its sub-lineages in consideration of the sequence complexity of the variants circulating in India. Thus, future studies could be done to investigate whether other mutations on spike proteins can result in a leap of the immune escape ability of B.1.617 and other variants. To our knowledge, the current study provides the first direct evidence that the potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity can last for at least one year in most convalescents to protect them against the original virus (WT or WT-D614G), which means the annually re-administration might be a feasible vaccination strategy to maintain the anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. However, the convalescents and the vaccinated people are gradually losing protection against the constantly emerging immune escape variants. It remains to be determined whether re-administration of the variant-based or broadly neutralizing epitope-based vaccines can achieve effective cross-variant immunity. Overall, our study suggests that the timely update of the vaccines rather than the durability of the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity should be more of our concern.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.06.16.21258673v1 on medRxiv