The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

  1. Christoph Schultheiß
  2. Edith Willscher
  3. Lisa Paschold
  4. Cornelia Gottschick
  5. Bianca Klee
  6. Svenja-Sibylla Henkes
  7. Lidia Bosurgi
  8. Jochen Dutzmann
  9. Daniel Sedding
  10. Thomas Frese
  11. Matthias Girndt
  12. Jessica I. Höll
  13. Michael Gekle
  14. Rafael Mikolajczyk
  15. Mascha Binder

Reviewed by

Read the full article See related articles

Listed in

Log in to save this article

Abstract

No abstract available

Article activity feed

  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100663
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.16.21266391: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: The study was approved by the institutional review board (approval numbers 2020-076) and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles stated by the Declaration of Helsinki.
    Consent: Informed written consent was obtained from all participants or legal representatives.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiling: Antibodies against the S1 domain of the spike (S) protein and the nucleocapsid protein (NCP) of SARS-CoV-2 were determined by Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA IgA/IgG and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NCP-ELISA kits from Euroimmun (Lübeck, Germany).
    Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA IgA/IgG
    suggested: None
    Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NCP-ELISA
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Statistical analysis: We used logistic regression to assess acute COVID-19 symptoms associated with PASC by fitting a generalized linear model with R function glm.
    PASC
    suggested: (PASC , RRID:SCR_016642)
    Barplots, plasma level heatmap and all statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.3.1 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    In addition to the inherently restricted follow-up of these studies, their major limitation is the lack of bioimmunological data acquired in subjects with PASC. The wealth of studies dissecting the biology of the acute COVID-19 infection dramatically contrasts with the paucity of biological data currently available for patients with persistent symptoms. As a consequence, current concepts of the natural history of PASC and its pathophysiological drivers remain hypothetical. Yet, this data is urgently needed to develop rational therapeutic strategies. In the work presented here, we aimed to address these questions by analyzing the first 318 participants from the DigiHero cohort that follows an ambidirectional digital epidemiology approach with a survey focusing on the COVID-19 and vaccination history and a prospective part including an invitation to donate blood for (auto-)antibody and cytokine profiling. We found that approximately 70% of previously infected participants experienced prolonged symptoms independent of age and were therefore categorized as affected by PASC. Approximately 40% of the initially infected subjects even showed ongoing symptoms at the time of blood sampling which was on average eight months after positive SARS-CoV-2 testing including three individuals with persistent symptoms 16-17 months post-COVID-19 which is substantially longer than the durations reported so far by others[8]. Notably, after other SARS-CoV or MERS infections, long-lasting post-acute ...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.11.16.21266391v1 on medRxiv