Prior sleep-wake behaviors are associated with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among adult users of a wearable device in the United States

  1. Mark É. Czeisler
  2. Emily R. Capodilupo
  3. Matthew D. Weaver
  4. Charles A. Czeisler
  5. Mark E. Howard
  6. Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.03.001
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.15.21258983: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsConsent: Participants provided informed electronic consent prior to commencement of the survey.
    IRB: The Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) approved the study protocol.
    Sex as a biological variableIn addition to sleep measures, upon registration, WHOOP users also input their sex (male or female) and age in years.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    (Python Software Foundation) and R version 4.0.2 (The R Project for Statistical Computing) using the R survey package version 3.29.
    Python
    suggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)
    R Project for Statistical
    suggested: (R Project for Statistical Computing, RRID:SCR_001905)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Limitations of this study include a lack of pre-pandemic comparator mental health data, non-random recruitment methods and potential seasonal influences on sleep and mood. Regarding the first, the cross-sectional mental health measures preclude a causal interpretation of findings related to mental health. Regarding the second, most sample participants were male, highly educated, employed, and reported higher than the national average household income. Given that income was highly predictive of changes in mobility during the pandemic, with wealthy areas exhibiting larger mobility reductions (48), effects on sleep of stay-at-home orders may be overrepresented in this sample. Moreover, given that WHOOP is a subscription tracker of sleep and fitness, participants may have been more knowledgeable about and motivated to pursue optimal sleep health and fitness than the general United States adult population, which could limit the generalizability of these findings. However, most of the demographic differences in adverse mental health symptom prevalence (e.g., by gender, age, and diurnal preference) were consistent with evidence from the general population (13-15, 19). Finally, it is possible that sleep and mental health responses to the onset of a pandemic may vary with season and be influenced by daylight savings time changes; however, 2019 and 2020 data on time in bed and sleep timing from Capodilupo and Miller (2021) indicate that the magnitude of changes to sleep-wake behavior o...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No funding statement was detected.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.06.15.21258983v1 on medRxiv