Factors associated with deaths due to COVID-19 versus other causes: population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.15.21249756: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: This study was approved by the Health Research Authority (REC reference 20/LO/0651) and by the LSHTM Ethics Board (ref 21863). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Overall absolute risks of COVID-19 death and non-COVID death (by cause of death category) were calculated for each age group, and standardised by sex; this was done by fitting a multinomial logistic regression model with outcome levels of died (by cause of death category) versus alive at end of follow-up, including covariates of age group and sex, and predicting risks for each outcome under a 50:50 male:female split. Table 2: …
SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.15.21249756: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: This study was approved by the Health Research Authority (REC reference 20/LO/0651) and by the LSHTM Ethics Board (ref 21863). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Overall absolute risks of COVID-19 death and non-COVID death (by cause of death category) were calculated for each age group, and standardised by sex; this was done by fitting a multinomial logistic regression model with outcome levels of died (by cause of death category) versus alive at end of follow-up, including covariates of age group and sex, and predicting risks for each outcome under a 50:50 male:female split. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Strengths and limitations: Study strengths include the large size of the study, providing high statistical power to investigate associations between a wide range of factors and mortality. Our use of routinely collected primary care data meant that information on a wide range of longitudinal, detailed patient characteristics and comorbidities were available, with individual-level linkage to death registrations providing near-complete ascertainment of mortality. Our findings were robust in a number of sensitivity analyses. There were also some limitations. Comorbidity ascertainment relied on conditions being coded in the primary care record; conditions will only be coded when patients consult, which may not happen for early-stage or mild illness. Conversely, acute conditions requiring hospitalisation may have been missed if feedback from hospital to primary care providers was imperfect. Missing data was an issue for some variables, notably ethnicity and body mass index. We used multiple imputation to deal with missing ethnicity, and our findings were robust to an alternative “complete case analysis” approach. Recording of body mass index in primary care is highly likely to be missing not at random, violating a key assumption required for multiple imputation,10 so we instead assumed those with missing data to be non-obese, since obese individuals are more likely to have their weight recorded; however this could have caused some misclassification. Our results were again robust to...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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