Solar simulated ultraviolet radiation inactivates HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses at environmentally relevant doses

  1. Georg T. Wondrak
  2. Jana Jandova
  3. Spencer J. Williams
  4. Dominik Schenten

Reviewed by

Read the full article See related articles

Listed in

Log in to save this article

Abstract

No abstract available

Article activity feed

  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112319
  2. Version published to 10.1101/2021.06.25.449831v2 on bioRxiv
  3. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.25.449831: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Caco-2 human colorectal epithelial adenocarcinoma (HTB-37) and Vero normal epithelial monkey kidney (CCL-81) cells (all from ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were maintained according to published standard procedures [15–18].
    Caco-2
    suggested: None
    In brief, all cells (Calu-3, Caco-2 and Vero) were cultured in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) medium (Corning, Manassas, VA) supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum (BCS, HyClone™ Laboratories, Logan, UT)
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Human Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler™ gene expression array analysis of infected host cells: Seven days post infection of Calu-3 host cells with either HCoV-NL63 (MOI=0.01) or HCoV-NL63 exposed to sUV (UVB portion: 706 mJ/cm2), total mRNA from host cells was isolated using the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) following our published standard procedures
    Calu-3
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Mammalian cell culture, viral propagation, and target cell infection: As established viral target cells infected by HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2
    SARS-CoV-2
    suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 944703, RRID:AB_2890874)
    For viral irradiation, viral stocks were diluted >1:100 in PBS and irradiated in a sealed UV-transparent cuvette [BrandTech™ BRAND™ UV-Cuvets, providing transparency from 230 to 900 nm, widely used for DNA, RNA and protein analysis (BrandTech™ 759170, Fisher Scientific)].
    Fisher Scientific
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific, RRID:SCR_008452)
    Statistical analysis: Unless stated differently, data sets were analyzed employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s posthoc test using the GraphPad Prism 9.1.0 software (Prism Software Corp., Irvine, CA); in respective bar graphs (analyzing more than two groups), means without a common letter differ (p < 0.05) as published before [24].
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    For bar graphs comparing two groups only, statistical significance was calculated employing the Student’s two-tailed t-test, utilizing Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).
    Excel
    suggested: None

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  4. Version published to 10.1101/2021.06.25.449831v1 on bioRxiv