Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst residents of homeless shelters in France

  1. Honor Scarlett
  2. Camille Davisse-Paturet
  3. Cécile Longchamps
  4. Tarik El Aarbaoui
  5. Cécile Allaire
  6. Anne-Claire Colleville
  7. Mary Convence-Arulthas
  8. Lisa Crouzet
  9. Simon Ducarroz
  10. Maria Melchior

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100243
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.23.21255993: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Research Committee of the University of Paris (CER-2020-41).
    Sex as a biological variableRelevant variables: Potential risk factors of depression included in the analyses were the following: age (18-29; 30-49; 50 years or more), sex (male; female), partnership status (stable partner; single), family status (no children; currently living with children; has children but living separately), highest completed education level, employment (none; only before lockdown; both before and during lockdown), region of origin based on the World Health Organization categories [31] (Africa; Eastern Mediterranean; America; South-East Asian; Western Pacific; Europe excluding France; France), duration of stay in France (<6 months; 6-12 months; 1-3 years; 3-5 years; 5+ years, including French natives), French language aptitude (low; moderate; fluent), administrative status (French native; residence permit holder; asylum seeker; no residence permit; other), health insurance (yes; no), chronic illness (yes; no), food insecurity (yes; no), feelings of safety (yes; no), exposure to theft or assault (yes; no), contact with friends/family (yes; no), and participants previous accommodation (other centre/association; unestablished shelter (e.g. camps, squats); street; friends/ family/ other).
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line AuthenticationAuthentication: Assessment of depression: To determine symptoms of depression, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), validated for use in multicultural settings [28, 29], was used.

    Table 2: Resources

    No key resources detected.

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Limitations and strengths: Several limitations which may influence our findings must be acknowledged. Firstly, our study is cross-sectional, making it impossible to establish the longitudinal course of participants’ depression or the duration of symptomology. Thus, it may be that participants were already depressed prior to the pandemic. Further analyses using longitudinal samples are necessary to understand the chronology of mental health difficulties within this population, as well as the impact of homelessness on individuals’ symptoms. Secondly, our study population is unrepresentative of France’s total homeless population, consisting exclusively of those in temporary accommodation. Persons residing in alternative living situations, such as camps, squats, or the street, were not accounted for. Our findings may therefore disproportionally represent the prevalence of depression within this vulnerable population. Recruitment also consisted primarily of persons residing within two large cities (Paris and Lyon) and surrounding suburbs. Previous research has found increased loneliness during lockdown amongst adults living in urban areas compared to rural environments [39]. For this reason, the inclusion of other regions of France would have proven interesting, particularly non-urban areas. Nevertheless, our sample is balanced and, although based on shelters expanded as a measure against the COVID-19 pandemic, includes persons who were sheltered for both short and long periods. T...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.04.23.21255993v1 on medRxiv