Systemic and mucosal antibody responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.108308: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: Human subjects and patient characteristics: Following written informed consent, patients and healthcare workers were recruited for sampling of blood and mucosal secretions.
IRB: The study was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee of Zurich (BASEC #2016-01440).Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Following a two-hour incubation at room temperature, plates were washed 5 times with PBS Tween-20, 0.1%, and HRP-conjugated antibody (peroxidase AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific, Jackson) was added in sample buffer. an…SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.108308: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: Human subjects and patient characteristics: Following written informed consent, patients and healthcare workers were recruited for sampling of blood and mucosal secretions.
IRB: The study was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee of Zurich (BASEC #2016-01440).Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Following a two-hour incubation at room temperature, plates were washed 5 times with PBS Tween-20, 0.1%, and HRP-conjugated antibody (peroxidase AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific, Jackson) was added in sample buffer. anti-human IgGsuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Another caveat relates to the durability of protective humoral immunity. Whether S protein-specific mucosal IgA responses confer immunity to a secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2 remains to be seen. We are currently assessing S protein-specific mucosal IgA antibodies in virus neutralization assays as well as following-up our patient cohort longitudinally to address these issues.
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.108308: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Methods Human subjects and patient characteristics Following written informed consent , patients and healthcare workers were recruited for sampling of blood and mucosal secretions . Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Interestingly , some of the SARS-CoV-2-exposed healthcare workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG serum titers had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA antibodies in their nasal fluids and tears . SARS-CoV-2-specific IgAsuggested: NoneSARS-CoV … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.108308: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Methods Human subjects and patient characteristics Following written informed consent , patients and healthcare workers were recruited for sampling of blood and mucosal secretions . Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Interestingly , some of the SARS-CoV-2-exposed healthcare workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG serum titers had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA antibodies in their nasal fluids and tears . SARS-CoV-2-specific IgAsuggested: NoneSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.16-18 Subsequently , B and T cells become activated , resulting in the production of SARSCoV-2-specific antibodies , comprising immunoglobulin M ( IgM) , immunoglobulin A ( IgA) , and immunoglobulin G ( IgG) . SARS-CoVsuggested: None<div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>IgM</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>IgA) ,</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>immunoglobulin G ( IgG</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">19 Whether SARS-CoV-2specific IgG antibodies correlate with virus control is a matter of intense discussions.14,15,20 Unlike the internal nucleocapsid protein ( NC ) of SARS-CoV-2 , that shares about 90</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>SARS-CoV-2specific IgG</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">amino acid sequence homology with the NC of SARS-CoV , the S1 subunit shares only 64 % amino acid sequence homology and shows limited homology with other human coronaviruses , such as 229E , NL63 , OC43 , and HKU1 , which use different viral entry receptors.3,21 Thus , antibodies generated to previous coronavirus infections are unlikely to cross-react with the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 and should therefore not significantly account for any seroreactivity toward the S1 subunit.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>NL63</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>HKU1</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>S1 subunit.</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following a two-hour incubation at room temperature , plates were washed 5 times with PBS Tween-20 , 0.1 % , and HRP-conjugated antibody ( peroxidase AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG , Fcγ fragment specific , Jackson ) was added in sample buffer .</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>anti-human IgG</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Serum samples of 56 RT-qPCR-confirmed mild ( n = 19 ) and severe ( n = 37 ) COVID19 cases ( Table 1 ) were assessed for IgA and IgG antibodies toward the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein by using highly-specific immunoassays .</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>IgG</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">These antibody responses revealed no significant pattern associated with patient age ( p = 0.067 for IgA , and p = 0.18 for IgG ) ( Figure 1C and Supplementary Figure S1B) , gender ( Supplementary Figure S1C and S1D) , pre-existing comorbidities , including hypertension , diabetes mellitus , heart disease , cerebrovascular disease , lung disease , kidney disease , and malignancy , or immunosuppressive treatment ( Supplementary Figure S2 and Table 2) .</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>S1D</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">These antibody responses became positive on average in samples obtained on day 3–4 for IgA and day 4–5 for IgG , and they appeared to be independent of patient age ( p = 0.80 for IgA , and p = 0.72 for IgG) , gender , and comorbidities ( Figure 1B and 1C , Supplementary Figure S1B , S1C and S2 , and Table 2) .</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>S2</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">S1-specific serum IgA and IgG production can be transient , delayed or even absent , we assessed serum S1-specific antibody responses in a well-defined cohort of healthcare workers possibly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 ( n =</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>SARS-CoV-2</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">28 Extrapolating this model to comprise also children and infants, it is conceivable that children and infants have primed mucosal innate and IgA antibody responses due to their frequent upper respiratory tract infections and, therefore, respond preferentially in this manner to SARS-CoV-2 infection.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>IgA</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">We are currently assessing S protein-specific mucosal IgA antibodies in virus neutralization assays as well as following-up our patient cohort longitudinally to address these issues.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"> <div style="margin-bottom:8px"> <div><b>mucosal IgA</b></div> <div>suggested: None</div> </div> </td></tr></table>Results from OddPub: We did not find a statement about open data. We also did not find a statement about open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
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