Oral Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-5422 attenuates SARS-CoV-2 replication and dampens inflammation in airway cells

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.23.432479: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    The cells were then incubated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibody (Sinobiological; 1:100) for 2hrs at room temperature.
    anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein
    suggested: None
    After subsequent washing of the samples, the cells were treated with Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Invitrogen; 1:1000) for 1hr at room temperature.
    anti-rabbit
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Calu-3 cells (ATCC) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 25mM HEPES, 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco), and maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2.
    Calu-3
    suggested: None
    Briefly, 0.72 × 106 Vero E6 cells were seeded in 6 well plates.
    Vero E6
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The stained cells were fixed using methanol-free 4% formaldehyde (Thermo Fisher) for 30 minutes and acquired on an LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) using BD FACS Diva software and analyzed with FlowJo software version 10.1
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Images were captured with 20X objective, processed using Zeiss Zen Black software and proportion of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells were counted using Fiji, utilizing the analyze particle function.
    Zeiss Zen Black
    suggested: (Black Zen software, RRID:SCR_018163)
    Fiji
    suggested: (Fiji, RRID:SCR_002285)
    CC50 and IC50 calculations: CC50 and IC50 were calculated using Graph Pad Prism using curve fitting.
    Graph Pad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    Analysis of the bulk RNA-seq data: RNA-Seq data was quality checked with FastQC (Andrews, 2010) and preprocessing was carried out using TrimGalore (Krueger) toolkit to trim low-quality bases and Illumina adapter sequences using default settings.
    FastQC
    suggested: (FastQC, RRID:SCR_014583)
    Reads were aligned to the ENSEMBL Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.dna.primary_assembly genome using the ENSEMBL Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.100 transcript (Kersey et al., 2012) annotation file with STAR (Dobin et al., 2013)
    ENSEMBL
    suggested: (Ensembl, RRID:SCR_002344)
    STAR
    suggested: (STAR, RRID:SCR_015899)
    Gene level counts were quantified using FeatureCounts (Liao et al., 2014) tool, counting unique features in non-stranded mode and retaining both gene ID, gene name, and gene biotype mapping from the ENSEMBL annotation file.
    FeatureCounts
    suggested: (featureCounts, RRID:SCR_012919)
    Normalization and differential expression were carried out with DESeq2 (Love et al., 2014) Bioconductor (Huber et al., 2015) package, utilizing the ‘apeglm’ Bioconductor package (Zhu et al., 2019) for log fold change shrinkage, in R statistical programming environment.
    DESeq2
    suggested: (DESeq, RRID:SCR_000154)
    Bioconductor
    suggested: (Bioconductor, RRID:SCR_006442)
    Dot plots demonstrating upregulated and downregulated KEGG pathways were generated using ‘ClusterProfiler’ package in R using a “universe” of all human genes.
    KEGG
    suggested: (KEGG, RRID:SCR_012773)
    Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape (vs 3.8.2).
    STRING
    suggested: (STRING, RRID:SCR_005223)
    Cytoscape
    suggested: (Cytoscape, RRID:SCR_003032)
    Data and code availability: The raw and processed RNA-seq data discussed in this publication have been deposited in NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE166397 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE166397).
    Gene Expression Omnibus
    suggested: (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, RRID:SCR_005012)

    Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.