Association of Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status With COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality in Those With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease

  1. Thomas J. Wilkinson
  2. Courtney J. Lightfoot
  3. Alice C. Smith
  4. Thomas Yates
  5. Kamlesh Khunti
  6. Francesco Zaccardi

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.11.040
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.02.21261469: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382).
    Consent: All participants provided informed consent.
    Field Sample Permit: This work was conducted under application number 52553.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (V26.0).
    SPSS
    suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    There are limitations to this analysis. The cohort consists of volunteers, meaning results may not be entirely generalisable to the whole UK [18]. We used data, particularly CKD classification, from the baseline assessments recorded >10□years ago and, as such, the current health status of participants (e.g., changes in kidney function) cannot be determined. Our CKD group had mild disease staging and findings may differ as disease severity increases. We were only able to categorise ethnicity into three broad categories, rather than considering disaggregated groupings. Disaggregation into specific ethnicity groups has revealed differences in COVID-19 outcomes [5]. This study is the first to detail the association of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation with the risk of severe COVID-19 in relation to presence of CKD. These findings are of importance in informing interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality amongst these groups and policy and practice improvements are needed to address the broad disparity among CKD patients.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.08.02.21261469v1 on medRxiv