Structural and functional impact by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mutations

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.11.475922: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Western blot: Western blot was performed using an anti-SARS-COV-2 S antibody following a protocol described previously (56).
    anti-SARS-COV-2 S
    suggested: None
    Alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-Rabbit IgG (1:5000) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was used as a secondary antibody.
    anti-Rabbit IgG
    suggested: None
    To measure binding of a full-length S protein to monoclonal antibodies, the antibody was immobilized to anti-human IgG Fc Capture (AHC) biosensor (ForteBio, Fremont, CA) following a protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
    anti-human IgG
    suggested: None
    Control sensors with no ACE2 or antibody were also dipped in the S protein solutions and the running buffer as references.
    ACE2
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Briefly, Expi293F cells transfected with monomeric ACE2 or dimeric ACE2 expression construct and the supernatant of the cell culture was collected.
    Expi293F
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_D615)
    Briefly, to produce S-expressing cells, HEK293T cells were transfected by polyethylenimine (PEI; 80 μg) with either 5 or 10 μg of the full-length SARS-CoV2 (G614
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    To prepare for infection, 7.5×103 of HEK 293 cells, stably transfected with a full-length human ACE2 expression construct, in 15 μl culture medium were plated into a 384-well white-clear plate coated with poly-D-Lysine to enhance the cell attachment.
    HEK 293
    suggested: None
    Pseudotyped virus particles were produced in 293T/17 cells (ATCC) by co-transfection of plasmids encoding codon-optimized SARS-CoV-2 full-length S constructs, packaging plasmid pCMV DR8.2, and luciferase reporter plasmid pHR’ CMV-Luc.
    293T/17
    suggested: ATCC Cat# CRL-11268, RRID:CVCL_1926)
    The 293T cell line stably overexpressing the human ACE2 cell surface receptor protein was kindly provided by Drs.
    293T
    suggested: KCB Cat# KCB 200744YJ, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    The S gene was fused with a C-terminal twin Strep tag (SGGGSAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSSAWSHPQFEK) and cloned into a mammalian cell expression vector pCMV-IRES-puro (Codex BioSolutions, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD).
    pCMV-IRES-puro
    suggested: None
    Pseudotyped virus particles were produced in 293T/17 cells (ATCC) by co-transfection of plasmids encoding codon-optimized SARS-CoV-2 full-length S constructs, packaging plasmid pCMV DR8.2, and luciferase reporter plasmid pHR’ CMV-Luc.
    pCMV DR8.2, and luciferase reporter
    suggested: None
    pHR’
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Automated data collection was carried out using SerialEM version 3.8.6 (59) at a nominal magnification of 105,000× and the K3 detector in counting mode (calibrated pixel size, 0.83 Å) at an exposure rate of 13.362 electrons per pixel per second.
    SerialEM
    suggested: (SerialEM, RRID:SCR_017293)
    Image processing and 3D reconstructions: Drift correction for cryo-EM images was performed using MotionCor2 (60), and contrast transfer function (CTF) was estimated by Gctf (61) using motion-corrected sums without dose-weighting.
    MotionCor2
    suggested: (MotionCor2, RRID:SCR_016499)
    Density maps were corrected from the modulation transfer function of the K3 detector and sharpened by applying a temperature factor that was estimated using post-processing in RELION.
    RELION
    suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)
    Several rounds of manual building were performed in Coot (64).
    Coot
    suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 32, 26, 28 and 30. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.