Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines

  1. Zeli Zhang
  2. Jose Mateus
  3. Camila H. Coelho
  4. Jennifer M. Dan
  5. Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher
  6. Rosa Isela Gálvez
  7. Fernanda H. Cortes
  8. Alba Grifoni
  9. Alison Tarke
  10. James Chang
  11. E. Alexandar Escarrega
  12. Christina Kim
  13. Benjamin Goodwin
  14. Nathaniel I. Bloom
  15. April Frazier
  16. Daniela Weiskopf
  17. Alessandro Sette
  18. Shane Crotty

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Abstract

No abstract available

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  1. Version published to 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.022
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.18.484953: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Anti-human IgG peroxidase antibody produced in goat (Sigma A6029) was used at a 1:5,000 dilution.
    Anti-human IgG
    suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A6029, RRID:AB_258272)
    Anti-human IgG peroxidase antibody
    suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A6029, RRID:AB_258272)
    Titers, LOD, and LOQ were calibrated to the WHO International Reference Panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike, RBD, and nucleocapsid binding antibody units per milliliter (WHO BAU/mL).
    anti-SARS-CoV-2
    suggested: None
    Anti-human IgG peroxidase antibody produced in goat (Sigma A6029) was used at a 1:5,000 dilution.
    Anti-human IgG
    suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A6029, RRID:AB_258272)
    Anti-human IgG peroxidase antibody
    suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A6029, RRID:AB_258272)
    Then, cells were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in the presence of fluorescently labeled chemokine receptor antibodies (anti-CCR6, CXCR5, CXCR3, and CCR7) and the Spike MP (1 μg/ml) in 96-wells U-bottom plates, as previously described (Mateus et al., 2021; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020).
    anti-CCR6
    suggested: (Biotrend Cat# PSI2021(A, RRID:AB_2072795)
    CXCR5
    suggested: None
    CXCR3
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 61-1831-80, RRID:AB_2802384)
    CCR7
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 13-1979-80, RRID:AB_1963563)
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Briefly, 2.5×104 VERO cells (ATCC, Cat. No. CCL-81) were seeded in clear flat-bottom 96-well plates (Thermo Scientific, Cat.
    VERO
    suggested: ATCC Cat# CCL-81, RRID:CVCL_0059)
    Recombinant SARS-CoV-2-S-D614G pseudotyped VSV-ΔG-GFP were generated by transfecting HEK293T cells (ATCC, Cat. No. CRL-321) with plasmid phCMV3-SARS-CoV2-Spike kindly provided by Dr. E. Saphire and then infecting with VSV-ΔG-GFP.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    Recombinant SARS-CoV-2-S-D614G pseudotyped VSV-ΔG-GFP were generated by transfecting HEK293T cells (ATCC, Cat. No. CRL-321) with plasmid phCMV3-SARS-CoV2-Spike kindly provided by Dr. E. Saphire and then infecting with VSV-ΔG-GFP.
    phCMV3-SARS-CoV2-Spike
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Neutralization titers or inhibition dose 50 (ID50) were calculated using the One-Site Fit Log IC50 model in Prism 9.3 (GraphPad).
    Prism
    suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    Then, a Boolean analysis was performed to define the multifunctional profiles on FlowJo 10.8.1.
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Limit of detection was calculated as median + 2x standard deviation (SD) of [1/(number of total B cells recorded)] Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA): Correlograms plotting the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) between all paired parameters were created with the corrplot package (v0.84) running in Rstudio (1.1.456) as previously described (Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020).
    Rstudio
    suggested: (RStudio, RRID:SCR_000432)
    Statistical analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism 9.3.0, unless otherwise stated.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    COVID-19 vaccines have achieved extraordinary success in protection from infection and disease; yet some limitations exist, including differences in VE between vaccines and waning of protection against infection over a period of several months. Here, diverse metrics of adaptive responses were measured to mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S and NVX-CoV2373, with implications for understanding the protection against COVID-19 associated with each of the vaccines. A strength of this study is that the samples from different vaccine platforms were obtained from the same blood processing facility, from the same geographical location, and were analyzed concomitantly, utilizing the same experimental platform. In the present study, antibody responses were detected in 100% of individuals. At 6 months post-immunization, the neutralizing antibody titer hierarchy between the vaccines was mRNA-1273~BNT162b2~NVX-CoV2373>Ad26.COV2.S. These serological data are consistent with previous reports for single vaccines (Atmar et al., 2022; Doria-Rose et al., 2021; Goel et al., 2021; Naranbhai et al., 2021a; Pajon et al., 2022; Pegu et al., 2021), and serological comparisons between vaccines (Barouch et al., 2021; Carreno et al., 2022; Naranbhai et al., 2021b; Self et al., 2021), though in much large serological studies ~2-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers were discerned with mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2 (Atmar et al., 2022; Steensels et al., 2021). Comparisons of NVX-CoV2373 antibody responses...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2022.03.18.484953v1 on bioRxiv