Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.29.361048: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Resource Availability: Experimental Model and Subject Details: Methods Details: Quantification and Statistical Analysis: GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used for data analysis.
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Limitations of Study and Future Directions: Our study tested the combination of anti-TNF-α and anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infection, cytokine shock, sepsis, and HLH in mice. The degree of protection provided by this combination therapy in the SARS-CoV-2 mouse model was lower than that observed in the other non-infection cytokine shock models. We administered the treatment starting on day 1 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but earlier administration of the therapy may provide better protection. Also, while monotherapy with these agents was significantly less effective than the combination in sepsis and HLH models, the ability of monotherapy to prevent pathology during COVID-19 cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, examining the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as the inflammatory cell death, in the presence and absence of therapy in the SARS-CoV-2 mouse model will be important for the future. In addition to TNF-α and IFN-γ, each molecule in the signaling pathway that we identified, including JAK and caspases, could potentially be targeted to prevent cytokine storm and should be investigated in the context of COVID-19. However, not all the molecules in the pathway have FDA-approved inhibitors ready for clinical usage. JAK inhibitors are approved for inflammatory diseases and have been shown to improve COVID-19 symptoms. Emricasan, an FDA-approved PAN-caspase inhibitor, has not been tested for COVID-19 but can be considered. Overall, to progress from fundamental d...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.