Photocatalytic removal of synthetic dyes using Bi2O3–TiO2 nanocomposites obtained by simple hydrothermal route
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This study describes the preparation of TiO 2 -modified Bi 2 O 3 photocatalysts with different TiO 2 contents, synthesized via an in situ hydrothermal method. The powder samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR–ATR, UV–Vis, XPS, and N₂ physisorption analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 -modified Bi 2 O 3 was studied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) under different reaction conditions. The TiO 2 -modified Bi 2 O 3 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to the pristine samples of TiO 2 and Bi 2 O 3 . The BiT16 sample achieved degradation rates of approximately 93.9% and 98.2% for MO and MB, respectively, within 120 min of reaction at 30 ppm. These results are attributed to the band gap values, differences in textural features, TiO 2 content, and the reduction in the recombination process of e⁻/h⁺ pairs in the Bi 2 O 3 –TiO 2 composites. Reaction kinetics were determined using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, and during the third photoreaction cycle, the TiO 2 -modified Bi 2 O 3 (BiT16) achieved photocatalytic degradation rates of 65.6% for MO and 70.5% for MB.
