Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on vaccine‐induced immune responses over time
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Abstract
Objective
To determine the long‐term impact of prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on immune responses after COVID‐19 vaccination.
Methods
Using longitudinally collected blood samples from the COMMUNITY study, we determined binding (WHO BAU mL −1 ) and neutralising antibody titres against ten SARS‐CoV‐2 variants over 7 months following BNT162b2 in SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered ( n = 118) and SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve ( n = 289) healthcare workers with confirmed prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A smaller group with ( n = 47) and without ( n = 60) confirmed prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 was followed for 3 months. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T‐cell responses were investigated in a subset of SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve and SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered vaccinees.
Results
Vaccination with both vaccine platforms resulted in substantially enhanced T‐cell responses, anti‐spike IgG responses and neutralising antibodies effective against ten SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered participants as compared to SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve participants. The enhanced immune responses sustained over 7 months following vaccination.
Conclusion
These findings imply that prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection should be taken into consideration when planning booster doses and design of current and future COVID‐19 vaccine programmes.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.10.16.21264948: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020-01653) and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Binding and pseudo-neutralizing antibodies: Binding antibodies (IgG) and pseudo-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.526.1 (New York), B.1.617 (India), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.617.3 (India), P.1 (Gamma), and P.2 (Zeta) variants, were measured in post vaccination … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.10.16.21264948: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020-01653) and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Binding and pseudo-neutralizing antibodies: Binding antibodies (IgG) and pseudo-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.526.1 (New York), B.1.617 (India), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.617.3 (India), P.1 (Gamma), and P.2 (Zeta) variants, were measured in post vaccination samples using the V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 13 (Meso Scale Diagnostics, USA) for IgG and ACE2 (quantifying the ability to inhibit the binding between the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein), respectively. antibodies: Binding antibodies (IgGsuggested: NoneSARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT)suggested: NoneACE2suggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Briefly, serum was 3-fold serially diluted, mixed with virus, incubated for 1 hour and finally added, in duplicates, to confluent Vero E6 cells in 96-well plates. Vero E6suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Linear regression and mixed effects regressions were performed in R (version 4.1.1) with nlme-package version 3.1.152 and contrast-package 0.22 while the remainder were done in GraphPad Prism (version 9.1.1). GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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