Prediction and updating abilities in motor imagery during the Timed Up and Go task in young and older adults

Aging is associated with declines in sensorimotor and cognitive functions that affect internal motor models, thought to mediate the risk of falls. Motor imagery, an experimental window into internal models, has been studied in aging, but it remains unclear whether age differentially impacts their predictive versus updating components. In this study, younger and older adults completed the Timed Up and Go task along with imagined trials before and after execution, enabling separate assessment of prediction and update accuracy. It was found that older adults exhibited similar or better accuracy during prediction and update, but the accuracy measures were linked with distinct cognitive and sensorimotor factors in the two age groups. These findings suggest that while internal model function is preserved in healthy aging, at least for every-day tasks, it is shaped by different compensatory mechanisms across the lifespan.